Preliminary investigations before injecting materials into the ground, based in Matera

Our company based in Matera specialises in performing dynamic penetration tests in Basilicata, Puglia, Calabria and Campania. The test consists in measuring the resistance to penetration of a metal conical tip, connected to a steel rod that can be extended with the addition of lateral rods, of standard dimensions, inserted vertically into the ground by beating, dropping a constant height from a mallet of a given weight. The information provided by the test is of a continuous type, since the penetration resistance measurements are performed throughout the process. The number of strokes necessary for the penetration of each section of established length is counted. Continuous dynamic penetration tests can be carried out according to different standards depending on the combinations of the adopted parameters such as:
  • Mass of the mallet (10 ÷ 100 kg);
  • Height of fall (200 ÷ 760 mm);
  • Tip diameter (22 ÷ 63 mm);
  • Tip shape (opening angle 60 ° - 90 °, extension at the base of the cone);
  • Outside diameter of the rods (16 ÷ 45 mm);
  • Reference penetration (100 ÷ 300 mm);
  • Method to eliminate or reduce lateral friction along the rods (coating, mud through the rods, tip diameter> rod diameter).
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Types of penetration meters

The characteristics of the equipment and the methods of execution have been standardised in the international Reference Procedures developed by the ISSMFE which state there are four types of penetration meters based on the mass of the hammer:
KIND Reference acronym Hinged mass M (kg)
Light DPL (light) M ≤ 10
Means, medium DPM (medium) 10 < M < 40
Heavy DPH (heavy) 40 < M < 60
Super heavy DPSH (super heavy) Hill
The dynamic resistance at the Rpd point as a function of the number of N strokes is evaluated with the Dutch formula: Rpd = M2 · H / [A · e · (M P)] = M2 · H · N / [A · δ · ( M P)]
Where is it:
• Rpd = dynamic resistance at the point (area A);
• e = δ / N = driving per stroke;
• M = impact weight (height of fall H);
• P = total rod and system mass.

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